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Camions canadiens et australiens

Ford F60

Ford F60

Caractéristiques Ford F60
Moteur : Ford V-8 à essence de 95 ch.
Dimensions : longueur, 6,20 m; largeur, 2,29 m; hauteur, 3,05 m.
Performances : vitesse maximale, 80 km/h ; autonomie, 270 km.

Pour satisfaire ses besoins en trans­port automobile, le Royaume-Uni dut, en partie, faire appel au Com­monwealth. Le principal fournisseur fut le Canada. Cela ne veut pas dire que ce pays ne connut pas de diffi­cultés pour le ravitaillement de ses propres troupes, puisque tous ses véhicules de transport alors en ser­vice étaient d'origine civile. Au début de 1937, les autorités avaient entamé des pourparlers avec la Ford du Canada en vue de la production en série de camions de 750 kg à par­tir de plans qui faisaient beaucoup penser à ceux des Britanniques. La General Motors du Canada prit aussi une part active à ces projets. L'usine Ford de Windsor fut assez lente pour se lancer dans la production du véhi­cule expérimental qui était construit sur un châssis de Ford V-8. Toute­fois, les roues et les pneus avaient été importés d'Angleterre. Quand il sortit d'usine, en 1937, le véhicule fut mis à l'épreuve sur ce qui était alors un petit terrain d'essais de l'armée de terre au camp Petawawa, près d'Ottawa. Là on s'aperçut que le nouvel arrivant avait été modi­fié pour offrir une transmission à deux ponts. Néanmoins, le prototype donna grande satisfaction, et le « châssis type militaire canadien » servit de base à un grand nombre de camions de 750 kg et 400 kg. Au début de 1940 la transmission à deux ponts devint une des caractéristiques des camions canadiens, et en juillet 1940 le Royaume-Uni passa une pre­mière commande de 7 000 véhicules. En 1941, le Canada devint alors le premier fournisseur de camions légers et moyens de l'Empire britan­nique. La standardisation fut natu­rellement un des avantages majeurs de cette gamme de camions qui comprenait le 400 kg, le 750 kg, le 1,500 t, le 3-ton 4 x 4, le 3-ton 6 x 4 et le 3-ton 6 x 6. Les Canadiens construisirent plusieurs types de cabines qui reflétaient les différentes étapes du développement des véhi­cules. La cabine n° 11 se distinguait par un radiateur monté à l'avant du capot, sur la n° 12, il se trouvait sous le capot, la n° 13 avait été complè­tement redessinée pour offrir un meilleur habitacle et une meilleure position des pédales de commande, elle avait en outre l'avantage d'un pare-brise incliné sur l'avant. La n° 43 n'était autre que la n° 13 en version bâchée.

Le 3-ton 4 x 4 devint le chef de file de la production canadienne. C'était un véhicule fiable construit à la fois par Ford et Chevrolet. La caisse comptait un tel nombre de variantes qu'il serait impossible d'en parler en détails dans ce texte. Tous les modè­les étaient construits en version tout­usage. Certains avaient des caisses en bois et d'autres en tôle d'acier emboutie. Les versions spécialisées comprenaient le camion-citerne pour le transport de l'eau ou de l'essence, l'affût d'artillerie mobile, le fourgon radio, le camion de dépannage (qui allait du 750 kg équipé de soudeu­ses au 6 x 6 atelier), l'ambulance et autres véhicules du service de santé, et le camion de récupération de matériel.

Tous les grands fabricants cana­diens produisirent aussi des camions civils dotés de cabines et de pneus aux normes militaires.

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